[clang-tools-extra] [run-clang-tidy.py] Refactor, add progress indicator, add type hints (PR #89490)

[Julian Schmidt via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/5chmidti approved this pull request.

Stopping the execution is now graceful on my machine as well, thanks.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89490