[llvm] [CI] Update OS base image to ubuntu-24.04 (PR #109536)

[Tom Stellard via llvm-commits]

https://github.com/tstellar commented:

Hi, thanks for the PR.

I'm not sure we want to just bump everything up to a newer version.  As  I mentioned, we need to build the release binaries on older versions.  It's probably safe to do this for the release-asset-audit, release-tasks, commit-access-review, and ci-post-commit-analyzer, but I don't see a compelling reason to do this.

What advantages do you see to using a newer version of Ubuntu?

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/109536