[llvm] [RemoveDIs][DebugInfo][IR] Add parsing for non-intrinsic debug values (PR #79818)

[Stephen Tozer via llvm-commits]

SLTozer wrote:

Updates added: besides adding some more tests for the negative cases as promised, and some slight fixes in the code itself, I've also updated this patch to use parentheses for debug records following the discussion on the printing patch.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/79818