[clang] [Clang] Fix SFINAE access check for protected in a dependent context (PR #190595)

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hax0kartik wrote:

> Please make sure you have read https://llvm.org/docs/AIToolPolicy.html if any AI agent is involved, thanks!

Hi, no AI agent was involved in this. Are there any particular reasons you think so?

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/190595