[clang-tools-extra] Add check 'cppcoreguidelines-use-enum-class' (PR #138282)

[Philipp Jung via cfe-commits]

JungPhilipp wrote:

> Also, please rebase (there are some merge conflicts), and also mark conversations as resolved (I see there's a few remaining)

Done, ready-for-review

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/138282