[clang] [libclang/python] Add typing annotations for the Type class (PR #140378)

[LLVM Continuous Integration via cfe-commits]

llvm-ci wrote:

LLVM Buildbot has detected a new failure on builder `clang-s390x-linux-lnt` running on `systemz-1` while building `clang` at step 13 "setup lit".

Full details are available at: https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/136/builds/3945

<details>
<summary>Here is the relevant piece of the build log for the reference</summary>

```
Step 13 (setup lit) failure: '/home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/sandbox/bin/python /home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/lnt/setup.py ...' (failure)
running develop
/home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/sandbox/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py:158: EasyInstallDeprecationWarning: easy_install command is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
  warnings.warn(
/home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/sandbox/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
  warnings.warn(
running egg_info
writing LNT.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to LNT.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to LNT.egg-info/entry_points.txt
writing requirements to LNT.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to LNT.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'LNT.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'tests/*/Output'
no previously-included directories found matching 'tests/*/*/Output'
adding license file 'LICENSE.TXT'
writing manifest file 'LNT.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
copying build/lib.linux-s390x-3.10/lnt/testing/profile/cPerf.cpython-310-s390x-linux-gnu.so -> lnt/testing/profile
Creating /home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/sandbox/lib/python3.10/site-packages/LNT.egg-link (link to .)
Adding LNT 0.4.2.dev0 to easy-install.pth file
Installing lnt script to /home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/sandbox/bin

Installed /home/uweigand/sandbox/buildbot/clang-s390x-linux-lnt/test/lnt
Processing dependencies for LNT==0.4.2.dev0
Searching for typing
Reading https://pypi.org/simple/typing/
Download error on https://pypi.org/simple/typing/: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!
Couldn't find index page for 'typing' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.org/simple/
No local packages or working download links found for typing
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('typing')

```

</details>

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/140378