[clang] [sanitizer] Add plumbing for -fsanitize-annotate-debug-info and partly replace '-mllvm -array-bounds-pseudofn' (PR #138577)

[Florian Mayer via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/fmayer requested changes to this pull request.

Seems like the fsanitize test is failing now

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/138577