[clang] [clang] Fix segmentation fault caused by stack overflow on deeply nested expressions (PR #111701)

[via cfe-commits]

cor3ntin wrote:

I'm still concerned that the test is going to be super flaky - I would remove it and mention the issue this fixes by adding a comment where runWithSufficientStackSpace is called

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/111701