[clang] [llvm] [clang][llvm][SPIR-V] Explicitly encode native integer widths for SPIR-V (PR #110695)

[Matt Arsenault via cfe-commits]

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-; This test aims to check ability to support "Arithmetic with Overflow" intrinsics
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arsenm wrote:

> Right but it's relying on a non-guaranteed maybe-optimisation firing, as far as I can tell.

The point is to test the optimization does work. The codegen pipeline is a bunch of intertwined IR passes on top of core codegen, and they need to cooperate 

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/110695