[clang] [clang][rtsan] Introduce realtime sanitizer codegen and driver (PR #102622)

[Fangrui Song via cfe-commits]

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+=================
+RealtimeSanitizer
+=================
+
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+
+Introduction
+============
+RealtimeSanitizer (a.k.a. RTSan) is a real-time safety testing tool for C and
+C++ projects. RTSan can be used to detect real-time violations,such as calls to
+methods that are not safe for use in functions with deterministic runtime
+requirements.
+
+The tool can detect the following types of real-time violations:
+
+* System calls
+* Allocations
+* Exceptions
+
+These checks are put in place when compiling with the
+``-fsanitize=realtime`` flag, for functions marked with
+``[[clang::nonblocking]]``.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   void process_audio(float* buffer) [[clang::nonblocking]] {
+      ...
+   }
+
+The runtime slowdown introduced by RealtimeSanitizer is trivial. Code in
+real-time contexts without real-time safety violations have no slowdown.
+
+How to build
+============
+
+Build LLVM/Clang with `CMake <https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html>` and enable the
+``compiler-rt`` runtime. An example CMake configuration that will allow for the
+use/testing of RealtimeSanitizer:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang" -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES="compiler-rt" <path to source>/llvm
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+There are two requirements:
+
+1. The code must be compiled with the ``-fsanitize=realtime`` flag.
+2. Functions that are subject to real-time constraints must be marked
+   with the ``[[clang::nonblocking]]`` attribute.
+
+Typically, these attributes should be added onto the functions that are entry
+points for threads with real-time priority. These threads are subject to a fixed
+callback time, such as audio callback threads or rendering loops in video game
+code.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   % cat example_realtime_violation.cpp
+   int main() [[clang::nonblocking]] {
+     int* p = new int;
+     return 0;
+   }
+
+   # Compile and link
+   % clang -fsanitize=realtime -g example_realtime_violation.cpp
+
+If a real-time safety violation is detected in a ``[[clang::nonblocking]]``
+context, or any function invoked by that function, the program will exit with a
+non-zero exit code.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   % clang -fsanitize=realtime -g example_realtime_violation.cpp
----------------
MaskRay wrote:

While `clang` can be used for a compile action, when performing a link action, `clang++` should be used to ensure libc++/libstdc++ is linked.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/102622