[clang] #101784 part 1: introduce ctyped in an independent manner (PR #101941)

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TsXor wrote:

I don't quite get what 17 meant. As far as I know about ctypes, `conf.lib.clang_getRangeStart` should be guaranteed to return an instance of `SourceLocation`. If it is to extinguish type errors, `typing.cast(SourceLocation, conf.lib.clang_getRangeStart(self))` can do this.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/101941