[clang] [clang-tools-extra] Reland [clang][Sema, Lex, Parse] Preprocessor embed in C and C++ (PR #95802)

[Mariya Podchishchaeva via cfe-commits]

Fznamznon wrote:

@tbaederr , I noticed that all buildbot failures relate to the run with the new constant interpreter. I was wondering if you could see if I did something wrong? For example, embed by default yields values of type `unsigned char`. However when expanding in [ByteCodeExprGen.cpp](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/95802/files#diff-ccb62cc00bada13b706286e9cdc64881c86d81da71f2939bcbb40ee692299d67) , I did not insert any casts. I think this could affect, since I had to insert casts in other places and from the log (as @AaronBallman noticed):
```
Line 18: in call to 'value(1778384896, 1795162112)'
The first value is 0x6A000000 in hex and the second is 0x6B000000. The ASCII value for j is 0x6A and k is 0x6B
```
So the values are actually correct

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/95802