[clang] [Clang] [Sema] Ensure noexcept(typeid(E)) checks if E throws when needed (PR #95846)

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Sirraide wrote:

In case anyone ends up being confused by the lack of a release note here: #95718 already added one that still covers everything done in this pr seeing as this is mostly a follow-up to that one.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/95846