[clang-tools-extra] Add clang-tidy check readability-math-missing-parentheses (PR #84481)

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github-actions[bot] wrote:

<!--LLVM CODE FORMAT COMMENT: {clang-format}-->

:white_check_mark: With the latest revision this PR passed the C/C++ code formatter.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/84481