[llvm-dev] Debug info for Cuda

[Alexey Bataev via llvm-dev]

06.11.2017 14:56, Robinson, Paul пишет:
>> Hi everybody,
>> As you know, Cuda/NVPTX target has very limited support of the debug
>> info in Clang/LLVM. Currently, LLVM supports only emission of the line
>> numbers debug info.
>> This is caused by limitations of the Cuda/NVPTX codegen. Clang/LLVM
>> translates the source code to LLVM IR, which is then lowered to PTX
>> (parallel thread execution) intermediate file. This PTX file represents
>> special kind of the assembler code in text format, which contains the
>> code itself + (possibly) debug info. Then this PTX file is compiled by
>> ptxas tool into the CUDA binary representation.
>>
>> Debug info representation in PTX file.
>> ========================
>> According to PTX Writer's Guide to Interoperability, Debug information
>> (http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/ptx-writers-guide-to-interoperability/index.html#debug-information)
>> , debug information must be encoded in DWARF (Debug With Arbitrary
>> Record Format). The responsibility for generating debug information is
>> split between the PTX producer and the PTX-to-SASS backend. The PTX
>> producer is responsible for emitting binary DWARF into the PTX file,
>> using the .section and .b8-.b16-.b32-and-.b64 directives in PTX. This
>> should contain the .debug_info and .debug_abbrev sections, and possibly
>> optional sections .debug_pubnames and .debug_aranges. These sections
>> are standard DWARF2 sections that refer to labels and registers in the
>> PTX.
>>
>> The PTX-to-SASS backend is responsible for generating the .debug_line
>> section from the .file and .loc directives in the PTX file. This
>> section maps source lines to SASS addresses. The PTX-to-SASS backend
>> also generates the .debug_frame section.
> All this sounds like the standard division of responsibilities between
> an LLVM code generator and the assembler.
>
>> LLVM is able to emit debug info in DWARF. But ptxas compiler has some
>> limitations, that make it hard to adapt LLVM for correct emission of
>> the debug info in PTX files.
>>
>> Limitations/features of the PTX format/ptxas compiler.
>> ==================================
>> a) Supports DWARF-2 only.
> IIRC, Darwin had a similar restriction until recently.
>
>> b) Labels are allowed only in code section (only in functions).
> If you have static/global variables, I guess their locations would
> have to be described using a section+offset expression?  Normally
> we emit a location attribute that is just a reference to a label
> for the variable.
>
>> c) Does not support label arithmetic in DWARF sections.
>>     “.b32 L1 – L2” as the size of the section is not allowed, so the
>> sections sizes should be calculated explicitly.
> MachO has a similar restriction, this should not be a problem if you
> can do something like:
>     L3 = L1 - L2
>     .b32 L3
Nope, it is not supported
>> d) Debug info must point to the sections, not to labels inside these
>> sections.
>>     “.b32 .debug_abbrevs”
> Offhand for DWARF-2 I can't think of a reference that couldn't be done
> this way.
>
>> e) Sections itself must be enclosed into braces
>>     “.section .debug_info {…}”
>> f) Frame info is non-register based
>>     Based on function local “__local_depot” array, that represents the
>> stack frame.
>> g) All variables must have non-standard DW_AT_address_class attribute
>> so the debuger had the info about address class of the variable -
>> global or local. DWARF standard does support this attribute, but it can
>> be appiled to pointer/reference types only, not variables.
> For variables it would be more usual to use DW_AT_segment for this.
> But that's an agreement that the compiler and debugger need to reach.
>
>> h) The first label in the function must follow the debug location macro.
>> In LLVM, it is followed by the debug location macro.
> I am not 100% sure what you mean by this, but I think it has to do with
> the fact that LLVM attaches locations to instructions, not labels.  It
> might or might not be easy to work around this; there might be an
> unfortunate interaction with how emitting line-0 records works.
>
>> i) .debug_frame section is emitted by txas compiler.
>>     DW_AT_frame_base must be set to dwarf::DW_FORM_data1
>> dwarf::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa value.
> I doubt that's a problem.
>
>> j) Strings cannot be referenced by the labels, instead they must be
>> inlined in the sections in form of array of chars.
> LLVM used to do inline strings, but switched to the .debug_str section
> quite a while ago.  On the other hand, I spent a little time maybe a
> year ago looking into whether we could emit short strings inline as a
> space-saving measure, and decided it was feasible.  (I didn't do it 
> because the space savings was really trivial.)  So I think doing this
> would not be terribly hard.
>
>> Some changes in LLVM are required to support all these
>> limitation/features in the output PTX files.
>> Required changes in LLVM.
>> ==================
>> •include/llvm/CodeGen/AsmPrinter.h.
>>     •Add “virtual MCSymbol *getFunctionFrameSymbol(const
>> MachineFunction *MF) const” for non-register-based frame info.
>>     •Override “NVPTXMCAsmPrinter.cpp” to return the name of the
>> “__local_depot” frame storage.
>> •Add ”cuda-gdb” specific tuning.
> Note that our design philosophy for "tuning" is that a tuning option
> unpacks into other separate flags.  Not a problem, just an observation.
>
>>     •Inlined strings must be used in sections, not string references.
>>     •Label arithmetic is replaced by the absolute section size
>> evaluation.
> This one isn't a debug-info tuning decision, it's how your assembler works
> and so is a target decision.
>
>>     •Use “AsmPrinter::doInitialization()” instead of NVPTX-custom manual
>> initialization.
>>     •Local variables address emitted as “__local_depot” + <var offset>.
>> •Add NVPTX specific “NVPTXMCAsmStreamer” class.
>>     •Requires moving to includes of “MCAsmStreamer” class declaration.
>>     •Overrides emission of the labels (names of the section are emitted
>> instead).
>>     •Overrides emission of the sections (emit braces)
>>     •Overrides string emission (as sequence of bytes, not as strings)
>>     •Overrides emission of files/locations debug info
>> Required changes in Clang.
>> =================
>> •Add option “-gcuda-gdb” to driver.
>>     •Emit cuda-gdb compatible debug info (DWARF-2 by default + CudaGDB
>> tuning).
>> •Add options “-g --dont-merge-basicblocks --return-at-end” to “ptxas”
>> call.
>>     •ptxas is able to translate debug information only if -O0
>> optimization level is used. It means, that we can use optimization
>> level in LLVM > O0, but still have to use O0 when calling ptxas
>> compiler.
>>
>> This approach was implemented in https://github.com/clang-ykt to support
>> debug info emission for NVPTX target when generating code for OpenMP
>> offloading constructs. You can try to use it.
> I haven't looked at your code but all the things you describe seem
> reasonably feasible.  Certainly the details of what you want to do
> to the emitted DWARF are fine; I am less sure about the assembler
> details, but if you have a worked example that makes it likely that
> part is okay as well.
> --paulr
>