[llvm] Install llvm-23 in libc docker image (PR #210929)

[Aiden Grossman via llvm-commits]

boomanaiden154 wrote:

> I created the docker image using previous Dockfile and find /usr/lib/llvm-23/bin/llvm-link

Then can we just create a symlink rather than installing additional packages?

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/210929