[llvm] [llubi] Experimental support for noalias (PR #195808)

Zhige Chen via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Sun Jul 19 22:46:08 PDT 2026


https://github.com/nofe1248 updated https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/195808

>From 6fe3a0924ef21937eb9bfc08651620dd24b7b97d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zhige Chen <zhigec_cpp at outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 16:21:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] [llubi] Experimental noalias support

---
 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_after_return.ll |  35 ++
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_aliasing_reads.ll     |  46 ++
 .../llubi/noalias_disabled_by_default.ll      |  29 ++
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_disjoint_intervals.ll |  49 ++
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_foreign_access.ll     |  32 ++
 .../test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll |  56 ++
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll |  46 ++
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_prune_stale_node.ll   |  51 ++
 .../llubi/noalias_reserved_foreign_read.ll    |  35 ++
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.cpp              | 482 +++++++++++++++++-
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.h                | 102 ++++
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.cpp         |  51 +-
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.h           |   9 +-
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Interpreter.cpp          |  16 +-
 llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Value.h                  |  61 ++-
 llvm/tools/llubi/llubi.cpp                    |  10 +
 16 files changed, 1081 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_after_return.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_aliasing_reads.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disabled_by_default.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disjoint_intervals.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_foreign_access.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_prune_stale_node.ll
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_reserved_foreign_read.ll

diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_after_return.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_after_return.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6738a951b53c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_after_return.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @write_one(ptr noalias %x) {
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  call void @write_one(ptr %a)
+  %v = load i32, ptr %a
+  store i32 2, ptr %a
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: write_one
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #1 triggers synthetic write on 'a' bytes [0, 4)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Unique -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: write_one
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @write_one(ptr %a)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v = load i32, ptr %a, align 4 => i32 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 2, ptr %a, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_aliasing_reads.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_aliasing_reads.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c1fcd813c0211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_aliasing_reads.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @read_both(ptr noalias %x, ptr noalias %y) {
+  %vx = load i32, ptr %x
+  %vy = load i32, ptr %y
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  store i32 42, ptr %a
+  call void @read_both(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 42, ptr %a, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: read_both
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %y = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #2 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local read through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> ReservedL
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign read through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> ReservedF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %vx = load i32, ptr %x, align 4 => i32 42
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): ReservedL -> ReservedLF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 local read through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): ReservedF -> ReservedLF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %vy = load i32, ptr %y, align 4 => i32 42
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #1 triggers synthetic read on 'a' bytes [0, 4)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #1 local read through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): ReservedLF -> ReservedLF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #2 foreign read through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): ReservedLF -> ReservedLF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #2 triggers synthetic read on 'a' bytes [0, 4)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #2 local read through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): ReservedLF -> ReservedLF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: read_both
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @read_both(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disabled_by_default.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disabled_by_default.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..65ce89ac44636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disabled_by_default.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: llubi --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @violates_if_enabled(ptr noalias %x, ptr %y) {
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  %v = load i32, ptr %y
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  store i32 0, ptr %a
+  call void @violates_if_enabled(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 0, ptr %a, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: violates_if_enabled
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %y = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v = load i32, ptr %y, align 4 => i32 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: violates_if_enabled
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @violates_if_enabled(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disjoint_intervals.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disjoint_intervals.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dd9030e9ea10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_disjoint_intervals.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @write_disjoint(ptr noalias %x, ptr noalias %y) {
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  store i32 2, ptr %y
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca [2 x i32]
+  %x = getelementptr [2 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 0
+  %y = getelementptr [2 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 1
+  call void @write_disjoint(ptr %x, ptr %y)
+  %v = load [2 x i32], ptr %a
+  ret void
+}
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca [2 x i32], align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %x = getelementptr [2 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 0 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %y = getelementptr [2 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 1 => ptr 0xC [a + 4]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: write_disjoint
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %y = ptr 0xC [a + 4]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #2 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 local write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 2, ptr %y, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #1 triggers synthetic write on 'a' bytes [0, 4)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Unique -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #2 foreign write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Disabled -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #2 triggers synthetic write on 'a' bytes [4, 8)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #2 local write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [4, 8): Unique -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: write_disjoint
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @write_disjoint(ptr %x, ptr %y)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v = load [2 x i32], ptr %a, align 4 => { i32 1, i32 2 }
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_foreign_access.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_foreign_access.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b76effb09d746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_foreign_access.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: not llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @violates(ptr noalias %x, ptr %y) {
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  %v = load i32, ptr %y
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  store i32 0, ptr %a
+  call void @violates(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 0, ptr %a, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: violates
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %y = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: noalias violation: read through raw/root on 'a' bytes [0, 4) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in Unique state
+; CHECK-NEXT: Stacktrace:
+; CHECK-NEXT: #0   %v = load i32, ptr %y, align 4 at @violates
+; CHECK-NEXT: #1   call void @violates(ptr %a, ptr %a) at @main
+; CHECK-NEXT: Immediate UB detected: noalias violation: read through raw/root on 'a' bytes [0, 4) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in Unique state
+; CHECK-NEXT: error: Execution of function 'main' failed.
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..aa946d0f11e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; Ported from Miri's tests/fail/tree_borrows/outside-range.rs:
+; protector checks are byte-range precise. Foreign writes outside the bytes
+; previously used by the protected pointer do not fail, but invalidating an
+; accessed byte does.
+; RUN: not llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @stuff(ptr noalias %x, ptr %raw) {
+  %raw1 = getelementptr i8, ptr %raw, i64 1
+  store i8 42, ptr %raw1
+  %x2 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 2
+  %v2 = load i8, ptr %x2
+  %x3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 3
+  %v3 = load i8, ptr %x3
+  %raw3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %raw, i64 3
+  store i8 42, ptr %raw3
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %data = alloca [4 x i8]
+  %raw = getelementptr [4 x i8], ptr %data, i64 0, i64 0
+  call void @stuff(ptr %raw, ptr %raw)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %data = alloca [4 x i8], align 1 => ptr 0x8 [data]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %raw = getelementptr [4 x i8], ptr %data, i64 0, i64 0 => ptr 0x8 [data]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: stuff
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [data]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %raw = ptr 0x8 [data]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'data' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %raw1 = getelementptr i8, ptr %raw, i64 1 => ptr 0x9 [data + 1]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [1, 2): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [1, 2) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i8 42, ptr %raw1, align 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %x2 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 2 => ptr 0xA [data + 2]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [2, 3): Reserved -> ReservedF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [2, 3) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v2 = load i8, ptr %x2, align 1 => i8 62
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %x3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 3 => ptr 0xB [data + 3]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4): Reserved -> ReservedF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v3 = load i8, ptr %x3, align 1 => i8 -117
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %raw3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %raw, i64 3 => ptr 0xB [data + 3]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4): ReservedF -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i8 42, ptr %raw3, align 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: stuff
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @stuff(ptr %raw, ptr %raw)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..068e4a9136ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; Ported from Miri's tests/fail/both_borrows/buggy_split_at_mut.rs:
+; two supposedly independent mutable ranges overlap, so writes through both
+; protected noalias arguments are rejected.
+; RUN: not llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @write_overlap(ptr noalias %a, ptr noalias %b) {
+  %a1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 1
+  store i32 5, ptr %a1
+  %b1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %b, i64 0, i64 1
+  store i32 6, ptr %b1
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %array = alloca [4 x i32]
+  call void @write_overlap(ptr %array, ptr %array)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %array = alloca [4 x i32], align 4 => ptr 0x8 [array]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: write_overlap
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %a = ptr 0x8 [array]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %b = ptr 0x8 [array]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'array' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #2 for 'array' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 1 => ptr 0xC [array + 4]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 5, ptr %a1, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %b1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %b, i64 0, i64 1 => ptr 0xC [array + 4]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Disabled -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Disabled -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 6, ptr %b1, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: write_overlap
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @write_overlap(ptr %array, ptr %array)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_prune_stale_node.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_prune_stale_node.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..da83ef7d01659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_prune_stale_node.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; RUN: llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @capture(ptr noalias %x, ptr %slot) {
+  store ptr %x, ptr %slot
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @write_one(ptr noalias %x) {
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  %slot = alloca ptr
+  call void @capture(ptr %a, ptr %slot)
+  %stale = load ptr, ptr %slot
+  call void @write_one(ptr %stale)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %slot = alloca ptr, align 8 => ptr 0x10 [slot]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: capture
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %slot = ptr 0x10 [slot]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store ptr %x, ptr %slot, align 8
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: capture
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @capture(ptr %a, ptr %slot)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %stale = load ptr, ptr %slot, align 8 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: write_one
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #2 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 local write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end for node #2 triggers synthetic write on 'a' bytes [0, 4)
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: protector end: node #2 local write through node #2 on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Unique -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #2
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: write_one
+; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @write_one(ptr %stale)
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_reserved_foreign_read.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_reserved_foreign_read.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..671659b1759f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_reserved_foreign_read.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_llubi_test_checks.py UTC_ARGS: --version 6
+; Adapted from Miri's tests/pass/tree_borrows/reserved.rs int_protected_read:
+; a protected Reserved pointer can observe a foreign read, but a later local
+; write is then forbidden.
+; RUN: not llubi --experimental-noalias --verbose < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+define void @foreign_read_then_local_write(ptr noalias %x, ptr %raw) {
+  %v = load i32, ptr %raw
+  store i32 1, ptr %x
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+  %a = alloca i32
+  store i32 0, ptr %a
+  call void @foreign_read_then_local_write(ptr %a, ptr %a)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK: Entering function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %a = alloca i32, align 4 => ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 0, ptr %a, align 4
+; CHECK-NEXT: Entering function: foreign_read_then_local_write
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %x = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT:   ptr %raw = ptr 0x8 [a]
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'a' based on raw/root
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through raw/root on 'a' bytes [0, 4): Reserved -> ReservedF
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through raw/root on 'a' bytes [0, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT:   %v = load i32, ptr %raw, align 4 => i32 0
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: noalias violation: write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) is local to protected node #1, but that protector is in ReservedF state
+; CHECK-NEXT: Stacktrace:
+; CHECK-NEXT: #0   store i32 1, ptr %x, align 4 at @foreign_read_then_local_write
+; CHECK-NEXT: #1   call void @foreign_read_then_local_write(ptr %a, ptr %a) at @main
+; CHECK-NEXT: Immediate UB detected: noalias violation: write through node #1 on 'a' bytes [0, 4) is local to protected node #1, but that protector is in ReservedF state
+; CHECK-NEXT: error: Execution of function 'main' failed.
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.cpp b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.cpp
index cef55b53e0988..bfc5e8b91e2af 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.cpp
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 #include "llvm/IR/GetElementPtrTypeIterator.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace llvm::ubi {
 
@@ -444,6 +447,10 @@ AnyValue Context::fromBytes(ConstBytesView Bytes, Type *Ty,
   SmallVector<APInt::WordType> RawTagBits;
   if (Ty->isPointerTy())
     RawTagBits.resize(NumWords);
+  bool IsNoAliasValid = ExperimentalNoAlias && Ty->isPointerTy();
+  std::optional<uint64_t> LoadedNoAliasNode;
+  bool SawNoAliasBits = false;
+  bool SawMissingNoAliasBits = false;
   for (uint32_t I = 0; I < NumBitsToExtract; I += 8) {
     // Try to form a 'logical' byte that represents the bits in the range
     // [BitsStart, BitsEnd].
@@ -494,6 +501,22 @@ AnyValue Context::fromBytes(ConstBytesView Bytes, Type *Ty,
         IsTagValid = false;
       }
     }
+    if (IsNoAliasValid) {
+      uint8_t NoAliasMask = LogicalByte.NoAliasMask & Mask;
+      if (NoAliasMask == Mask) {
+        SawNoAliasBits = true;
+        if (!LoadedNoAliasNode)
+          LoadedNoAliasNode = LogicalByte.NoAliasNode;
+        else if (*LoadedNoAliasNode != LogicalByte.NoAliasNode)
+          IsNoAliasValid = false;
+      } else if (!NoAliasMask) {
+        SawMissingNoAliasBits = true;
+      } else {
+        IsNoAliasValid = false;
+      }
+      if (SawNoAliasBits && SawMissingNoAliasBits)
+        IsNoAliasValid = false;
+    }
   }
   OffsetInBits = NewOffsetInBits;
 
@@ -518,7 +541,9 @@ AnyValue Context::fromBytes(ConstBytesView Bytes, Type *Ty,
   if (IsTagValid) {
     APInt Tag(NumBitsToExtract, RawTagBits);
     if (auto Prov = TaggedProvenances.lookup(Tag))
-      return Pointer(std::move(Prov), Bits);
+      return Pointer(std::move(Prov), Bits,
+                     IsNoAliasValid && LoadedNoAliasNode ? *LoadedNoAliasNode
+                                                         : 0);
   }
   return Pointer(Bits);
 }
@@ -599,7 +624,8 @@ void Context::toBytes(const AnyValue &Val, Type *Ty, uint32_t OffsetInBits,
   if (PaddingBits)
     NewOffsetInBits = alignTo(NewOffsetInBits, 8);
   bool NeedsPadding = NewOffsetInBits != OffsetInBits + NumBits;
-  auto WriteBits = [&](const APInt &Bits, const APInt *TagBits) {
+  auto WriteBits = [&](const APInt &Bits, const APInt *TagBits,
+                       uint64_t NoAliasNode) {
     for (uint32_t I = 0, E = Bits.getBitWidth(); I < E; I += 8) {
       uint32_t NumBitsInByte = std::min(8U, E - I);
       uint32_t BitsStart = OffsetInBits + I;
@@ -631,6 +657,15 @@ void Context::toBytes(const AnyValue &Val, Type *Ty, uint32_t OffsetInBits,
               static_cast<uint8_t>((1U << (BitsEnd % 8 + 1)) - 1),
               static_cast<uint8_t>(TagBitsVal >> (8 - (BitsStart % 8))));
       }
+      if (NoAliasNode) {
+        Bytes[BitsStart / 8].writeNoAliasBits(
+            static_cast<uint8_t>(((1U << NumBitsInByte) - 1)
+                                 << (BitsStart % 8)),
+            NoAliasNode);
+        if (((BitsStart ^ BitsEnd) & ~7) != 0)
+          Bytes[BitsEnd / 8].writeNoAliasBits(
+              static_cast<uint8_t>((1U << (BitsEnd % 8 + 1)) - 1), NoAliasNode);
+      }
     }
   };
   if (Val.isPoison()) {
@@ -645,19 +680,21 @@ void Context::toBytes(const AnyValue &Val, Type *Ty, uint32_t OffsetInBits,
   } else if (Ty->isIntegerTy()) {
     auto &Bits = Val.asInteger();
     WriteBits(NeedsPadding ? Bits.zext(NewOffsetInBits - OffsetInBits) : Bits,
-              /*TagBits=*/nullptr);
+              /*TagBits=*/nullptr, /*NoAliasNode=*/0);
   } else if (Ty->isFloatingPointTy()) {
     auto Bits = Val.asFloat().bitcastToAPInt();
     WriteBits(NeedsPadding ? Bits.zext(NewOffsetInBits - OffsetInBits) : Bits,
-              /*TagBits=*/nullptr);
+              /*TagBits=*/nullptr, /*NoAliasNode=*/0);
   } else if (Ty->isPointerTy()) {
     auto &AddressBits = Val.asPointer().address();
     APInt Tag = getTag(AddressBits.getBitWidth(), Val.asPointer().provenance());
     if (NeedsPadding)
       Tag = Tag.zext(NewOffsetInBits - OffsetInBits);
+    uint64_t NoAliasNode =
+        ExperimentalNoAlias ? Val.asPointer().getNoAliasNodeID() : 0;
     WriteBits(NeedsPadding ? AddressBits.zext(NewOffsetInBits - OffsetInBits)
                            : AddressBits,
-              &Tag);
+              &Tag, NoAliasNode);
   } else {
     llvm_unreachable("Unsupported scalar type.");
   }
@@ -1014,6 +1051,7 @@ bool Context::free(const MemoryObject &Obj) {
 
   UsedMem -= std::max(It->second->getSize(), static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
 
+  clearNoAliasState(*It->second);
   MemoryObject &MutableObj = *It->second;
   MutableObj.State = MemoryObjectState::Freed;
   MutableObj.Bytes.clear();
@@ -1225,4 +1263,438 @@ bool MemoryObject::isHeapAllocated() const {
   llvm_unreachable("Unknown MemAllocKind");
 }
 
+bool Context::isNoAliasAncestor(uint64_t Ancestor, uint64_t Descendant) const {
+  if (!Ancestor || !Descendant)
+    return false;
+  // Parent links are stable while a descendant is active. If a stale node id
+  // was pruned, reaching a missing node means the relationship no longer
+  // exists.
+  for (uint64_t NodeID = Descendant; NodeID;) {
+    if (NodeID == Ancestor)
+      return true;
+    const auto It = NoAliasNodes.find(NodeID);
+    if (It == NoAliasNodes.end())
+      return false;
+    NodeID = It->second.Parent;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Context::hasActiveNoAliasDescendant(uint64_t NodeID) const {
+  for (const auto &[CandidateID, Candidate] : NoAliasNodes) {
+    if (!Candidate.Active || CandidateID == NodeID)
+      continue;
+    if (isNoAliasAncestor(NodeID, CandidateID))
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Context::tryEraseInactiveNoAliasNode(uint64_t NodeID) {
+  const auto It = NoAliasNodes.find(NodeID);
+  if (It == NoAliasNodes.end() || It->second.Active)
+    return;
+  if (hasActiveNoAliasDescendant(NodeID))
+    return;
+
+  // An inactive node can still be relevant as the parent of a live child. Once
+  // that is no longer true, stale pointers carrying this ID should behave like
+  // raw/root pointers during future retagging.
+  const uint64_t Parent = It->second.Parent;
+  appendNoAliasEvent("erased inactive protector " + getNoAliasNodeName(NodeID));
+  NoAliasNodes.erase(It);
+  if (Parent)
+    tryEraseInactiveNoAliasNode(Parent);
+}
+
+StringRef Context::getNoAliasAccessKindName(NoAliasAccessKind Kind) {
+  switch (Kind) {
+  case NoAliasAccessKind::Read:
+    return "read";
+  case NoAliasAccessKind::Write:
+    return "write";
+  }
+  llvm_unreachable("Unknown NoAliasAccessKind");
+}
+
+StringRef Context::getNoAliasStateName(NoAliasState State) {
+  switch (State) {
+  case NoAliasState::Reserved:
+    return "Reserved";
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedL:
+    return "ReservedL";
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedF:
+    return "ReservedF";
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedLF:
+    return "ReservedLF";
+  case NoAliasState::Unique:
+    return "Unique";
+  case NoAliasState::Disabled:
+    return "Disabled";
+  case NoAliasState::Dummy:
+    return "Dummy";
+  }
+  llvm_unreachable("Unknown NoAliasState");
+}
+
+std::string Context::getNoAliasNodeName(uint64_t NodeID) {
+  if (!NodeID)
+    return "raw/root";
+  std::string S;
+  raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+  OS << "node #" << NodeID;
+  return S;
+}
+
+std::string Context::getNoAliasObjectName(const MemoryObject &MO) {
+  if (MO.getName().empty()) {
+    std::string S;
+    raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+    OS << "object at 0x";
+    OS.write_hex(MO.getAddress());
+    return S;
+  }
+  return ("'" + MO.getName() + "'").str();
+}
+
+void Context::appendNoAliasEvent(std::string Msg) {
+  NoAliasEvents.push_back(std::move(Msg));
+}
+
+void Context::setNoAliasViolation(uint64_t ProtectedNodeId, uint64_t AccessNode,
+                                  const MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Begin,
+                                  uint64_t End, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                                  bool IsLocal, NoAliasState State,
+                                  bool IsProtectorEndAction) {
+  std::string S;
+  raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+  OS << "noalias ";
+  if (IsProtectorEndAction)
+    OS << "protector end ";
+  OS << "violation: " << getNoAliasAccessKindName(Kind) << " through "
+     << getNoAliasNodeName(AccessNode) << " on " << getNoAliasObjectName(MO)
+     << " bytes [" << Begin << ", " << End << ") is "
+     << (IsLocal ? "local" : "foreign") << " to protected "
+     << getNoAliasNodeName(ProtectedNodeId) << ", but that protector is in "
+     << getNoAliasStateName(State) << " state";
+  LastNoAliasError = std::move(S);
+  appendNoAliasEvent(LastNoAliasError);
+}
+
+std::optional<Context::NoAliasState>
+Context::transitionNoAliasState(NoAliasState State, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                                bool IsLocal) {
+  if (State == NoAliasState::Dummy)
+    return NoAliasState::Dummy;
+
+  // For the complete state machine, please refer to the original blog
+  // https://jhostert.de/blog/2025/noalias/.
+  const bool IsWrite = Kind == NoAliasAccessKind::Write;
+  switch (State) {
+  case NoAliasState::Reserved: {
+    if (!IsWrite)
+      return IsLocal ? NoAliasState::ReservedL : NoAliasState::ReservedF;
+    return IsLocal ? NoAliasState::Unique : NoAliasState::Disabled;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedL: {
+    if (IsLocal)
+      return IsWrite ? NoAliasState::Unique : NoAliasState::ReservedL;
+    if (!IsWrite)
+      return NoAliasState::ReservedLF;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedF: {
+    if (!IsLocal)
+      return IsWrite ? NoAliasState::Disabled : NoAliasState::ReservedF;
+    if (!IsWrite)
+      return NoAliasState::ReservedLF;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::ReservedLF: {
+    if (!IsWrite)
+      return NoAliasState::ReservedLF;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::Unique: {
+    if (IsLocal)
+      return NoAliasState::Unique;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::Disabled: {
+    if (!IsLocal)
+      return NoAliasState::Disabled;
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+  case NoAliasState::Dummy:
+    llvm_unreachable("Dummy state should be handled earlier");
+  }
+  llvm_unreachable("Unknown NoAliasState");
+}
+
+bool Context::accessNoAliasImpl(MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Offset,
+                                uint64_t Size, uint64_t AccessNode,
+                                NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                                uint64_t SkipDescendantsOf) {
+  if (!ActiveNoAliasScopes || !Size)
+    return true;
+
+  const auto It = NoAliasNodesByObject.find(&MO);
+  if (It == NoAliasNodesByObject.end())
+    return true;
+
+  const uint64_t End = Offset + Size;
+  uint32_t CheckedNodes = 0;
+  for (uint64_t NodeID : It->second) {
+    auto NodeIt = NoAliasNodes.find(NodeID);
+    if (NodeIt == NoAliasNodes.end() || !NodeIt->second.Active)
+      continue;
+    if (SkipDescendantsOf && NodeID != SkipDescendantsOf &&
+        isNoAliasAncestor(SkipDescendantsOf, NodeID))
+      continue;
+    ++CheckedNodes;
+    // A protected node judges the same concrete memory access differently
+    // depending on whether the pointer used for the access is in its subtree.
+    if (const bool IsLocal = isNoAliasAncestor(NodeID, AccessNode);
+        !updateNoAliasNodeForAccess(
+            NodeIt->second, Offset, End, Kind, IsLocal, NodeID, AccessNode,
+            /*IsProtectorEndAction=*/SkipDescendantsOf != 0))
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (CheckedNodes && !SkipDescendantsOf) {
+    std::string S;
+    raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+    OS << getNoAliasAccessKindName(Kind) << " through "
+       << getNoAliasNodeName(AccessNode) << " on " << getNoAliasObjectName(MO)
+       << " bytes [" << Offset << ", " << End << ") checked " << CheckedNodes
+       << " active noalias protector" << (CheckedNodes == 1 ? "" : "s");
+    appendNoAliasEvent(std::move(S));
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Context::updateNoAliasNodeForAccess(NoAliasNode &Node, uint64_t Begin,
+                                         uint64_t End, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                                         bool IsLocal, uint64_t ProtectedNodeID,
+                                         uint64_t AccessNode,
+                                         bool IsProtectorEndAction) {
+  assert(Begin < End && "empty accesses should not reach noalias tracking");
+
+  SmallVector<NoAliasStateRun, 4> NewRuns;
+  auto AppendRun = [&](uint64_t RunBegin, uint64_t RunEnd, NoAliasState State) {
+    if (RunBegin == RunEnd || State == NoAliasState::Reserved)
+      return;
+    if (!NewRuns.empty() && NewRuns.back().End == RunBegin &&
+        NewRuns.back().State == State) {
+      NewRuns.back().End = RunEnd;
+      return;
+    }
+    NewRuns.push_back({RunBegin, RunEnd, State});
+  };
+
+  auto AppendTransitioned = [&](uint64_t RunBegin, uint64_t RunEnd,
+                                NoAliasState State) -> bool {
+    if (RunBegin == RunEnd)
+      return true;
+    std::optional<NoAliasState> NewState =
+        transitionNoAliasState(State, Kind, IsLocal);
+    if (!NewState) {
+      setNoAliasViolation(ProtectedNodeID, AccessNode, *Node.Object, RunBegin,
+                          RunEnd, Kind, IsLocal, State, IsProtectorEndAction);
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string S;
+    raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+    if (IsProtectorEndAction)
+      OS << "protector end: ";
+    OS << getNoAliasNodeName(ProtectedNodeID) << ' '
+       << (IsLocal ? "local" : "foreign") << ' '
+       << getNoAliasAccessKindName(Kind) << " through "
+       << getNoAliasNodeName(AccessNode) << " on "
+       << getNoAliasObjectName(*Node.Object) << " bytes [" << RunBegin << ", "
+       << RunEnd << "): " << getNoAliasStateName(State) << " -> "
+       << getNoAliasStateName(*NewState);
+    appendNoAliasEvent(std::move(S));
+    AppendRun(RunBegin, RunEnd, *NewState);
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  uint64_t Cur = Begin;
+  bool InsertedAccessTail = false;
+  for (const NoAliasStateRun &Run : Node.States) {
+    if (Run.End <= Begin) {
+      AppendRun(Run.Begin, Run.End, Run.State);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (Run.Begin >= End) {
+      if (!InsertedAccessTail) {
+        // The access ends before this run begins, so [Cur, End) is an implicit
+        // Reserved gap that still needs transition.
+        if (!AppendTransitioned(Cur, End, NoAliasState::Reserved))
+          return false;
+        InsertedAccessTail = true;
+      }
+      AppendRun(Run.Begin, Run.End, Run.State);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (Run.Begin < Begin)
+      AppendRun(Run.Begin, Begin, Run.State);
+
+    const uint64_t OverlapBegin = std::max(Cur, Run.Begin);
+    // Any gap between the previous covered byte and this run is also implicit
+    // Reserved state.
+    if (!AppendTransitioned(Cur, OverlapBegin, NoAliasState::Reserved))
+      return false;
+
+    const uint64_t OverlapEnd = std::min(End, Run.End);
+    if (!AppendTransitioned(OverlapBegin, OverlapEnd, Run.State))
+      return false;
+    Cur = OverlapEnd;
+
+    if (Run.End > End) {
+      AppendRun(End, Run.End, Run.State);
+      InsertedAccessTail = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!InsertedAccessTail) {
+    if (!AppendTransitioned(Cur, End, NoAliasState::Reserved))
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  Node.States = std::move(NewRuns);
+  return true;
+}
+
+Pointer Context::createNoAliasPointer(const Pointer &Ptr) {
+  if (!ExperimentalNoAlias)
+    return Ptr;
+
+  MemoryObject *MO = Ptr.getMemoryObject();
+  if (!MO)
+    return Ptr;
+
+  const uint64_t NodeID = NextNoAliasNode++;
+  uint64_t Parent = Ptr.getNoAliasNodeID();
+  // If the parent node was pruned after its protector ended, the incoming
+  // pointer is treated as a raw/root-derived pointer for this new scope.
+  if (Parent && NoAliasNodes.find(Parent) == NoAliasNodes.end())
+    Parent = 0;
+  NoAliasNode Node;
+  Node.Parent = Parent;
+  Node.Object = MO;
+  Node.Active = true;
+  NoAliasNodes.try_emplace(NodeID, std::move(Node));
+  NoAliasNodesByObject[MO].push_back(NodeID);
+  ++ActiveNoAliasScopes;
+  std::string S;
+  raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+  OS << "created protector " << getNoAliasNodeName(NodeID) << " for "
+     << getNoAliasObjectName(*MO) << " based on " << getNoAliasNodeName(Parent);
+  appendNoAliasEvent(std::move(S));
+  return Ptr.getWithNoAliasNode(NodeID);
+}
+
+bool Context::accessNoAlias(MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Offset, uint64_t Size,
+                            uint64_t AccessNode, NoAliasAccessKind Kind) {
+  if (!ExperimentalNoAlias)
+    return true;
+
+  return accessNoAliasImpl(MO, Offset, Size, AccessNode, Kind,
+                           /*SkipDescendantsOf=*/0);
+}
+
+bool Context::endNoAliasScopes(ArrayRef<uint64_t> Nodes) {
+  if (!ExperimentalNoAlias)
+    return true;
+
+  for (uint64_t NodeID : Nodes) {
+    auto It = NoAliasNodes.find(NodeID);
+    if (It == NoAliasNodes.end() || !It->second.Active)
+      continue;
+
+    SmallVector<NoAliasStateRun, 4> States(It->second.States.begin(),
+                                           It->second.States.end());
+    for (const NoAliasStateRun &Run : States) {
+      std::optional<NoAliasAccessKind> EndAction;
+      // Protector end actions. Quote from the original blog:
+      // "Unique triggers writes, ReservedL and ReservedLF triggers reads, and
+      // the other states trigger nothing since they have not yet been locally
+      // accessed. Like in Tree Borrows, these end actions are “special” in
+      // that they don’t affect children of the node which was protected."
+      switch (Run.State) {
+      case NoAliasState::Unique:
+        EndAction = NoAliasAccessKind::Write;
+        break;
+      case NoAliasState::ReservedL:
+      case NoAliasState::ReservedLF:
+        EndAction = NoAliasAccessKind::Read;
+        break;
+      case NoAliasState::Reserved:
+      case NoAliasState::ReservedF:
+      case NoAliasState::Disabled:
+      case NoAliasState::Dummy:
+        break;
+      }
+      if (EndAction) {
+        std::string S;
+        raw_string_ostream OS(S);
+        OS << "protector end for " << getNoAliasNodeName(NodeID)
+           << " triggers synthetic " << getNoAliasAccessKindName(*EndAction)
+           << " on " << getNoAliasObjectName(*It->second.Object) << " bytes ["
+           << Run.Begin << ", " << Run.End << ")";
+        appendNoAliasEvent(std::move(S));
+        if (!accessNoAliasImpl(*It->second.Object, Run.Begin,
+                               Run.End - Run.Begin, NodeID, *EndAction,
+                               /*SkipDescendantsOf=*/NodeID))
+          return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    It->second.Active = false;
+    It->second.States.clear();
+    // Remove inactive nodes from the per-object active list immediately, but
+    // keep the node record itself until no active child depends on its parent
+    // identity.
+    if (auto ObjIt = NoAliasNodesByObject.find(It->second.Object);
+        ObjIt != NoAliasNodesByObject.end()) {
+      SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &ObjectNodes = ObjIt->second;
+      ObjectNodes.erase(
+          std::remove(ObjectNodes.begin(), ObjectNodes.end(), NodeID),
+          ObjectNodes.end());
+      if (ObjectNodes.empty())
+        NoAliasNodesByObject.erase(ObjIt);
+    }
+    assert(ActiveNoAliasScopes && "mismatched noalias protector count");
+    --ActiveNoAliasScopes;
+    appendNoAliasEvent("ended protector " + getNoAliasNodeName(NodeID));
+    tryEraseInactiveNoAliasNode(NodeID);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+SmallVector<std::string, 4> Context::takeNoAliasEvents() {
+  SmallVector<std::string, 8> Events;
+  Events.swap(NoAliasEvents);
+  return Events;
+}
+
+void Context::clearNoAliasState(const MemoryObject &MO) {
+  if (!ExperimentalNoAlias)
+    return;
+
+  const auto It = NoAliasNodesByObject.find(&MO);
+  if (It == NoAliasNodesByObject.end())
+    return;
+  for (uint64_t NodeID : It->second) {
+    auto NodeIt = NoAliasNodes.find(NodeID);
+    if (NodeIt == NoAliasNodes.end() || !NodeIt->second.Active)
+      continue;
+    NodeIt->second.Active = false;
+    NodeIt->second.States.clear();
+    assert(ActiveNoAliasScopes && "mismatched noalias protector count");
+    --ActiveNoAliasScopes;
+  }
+  NoAliasNodesByObject.erase(It);
+}
+
 } // namespace llvm::ubi
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.h b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.h
index 097f0d1e0ab8b..cf10d52e67f3b 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.h
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Context.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <random>
+#include <string>
 
 namespace llvm::ubi {
 
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ struct ProgramExitInfo {
   }
 };
 
+enum class NoAliasAccessKind { Read, Write };
+
 class MemoryObject : public RefCountedBase<MemoryObject> {
   uint64_t Address;
   uint64_t Size;
@@ -178,6 +181,7 @@ class EventHandler {
     return true;
   }
   virtual void onProgramExit(const ProgramExitInfo &ExitInfo) {}
+  virtual bool onNoAliasEvent(StringRef Msg) { return true; }
   virtual bool onPrint(StringRef Msg) {
     outs() << Msg;
     outs().flush();
@@ -233,6 +237,7 @@ class Context {
   UndefValueBehavior UndefBehavior = UndefValueBehavior::NonDeterministic;
   NaNPropagationBehavior NaNBehavior = NaNPropagationBehavior::NonDeterministic;
   bool FusedMultiplyAdd = false;
+  bool ExperimentalNoAlias = false;
 
   std::mt19937_64 Rng;
   /// Always returns a random APInt value. It is not controlled by
@@ -287,6 +292,49 @@ class Context {
 
   /// Get the tag for the given pointer provenance.
   APInt getTag(uint32_t BitWidth, Provenance &Prov);
+
+  /// Experimental noalias states (see https://jhostert.de/blog/2025/noalias/).
+  /// The states Frozen and FrozenL from the original state machine are omitted
+  /// as proposed. Note that the Reserved state is the implicit default and is
+  /// intentionally omitted from sparse state runs below.
+  enum class NoAliasState : uint8_t {
+    Reserved,
+    ReservedL,
+    ReservedF,
+    ReservedLF,
+    Unique,
+    Disabled,
+    Dummy,
+  };
+
+  /// A non-Reserved state over the byte interval [Begin, End).
+  struct NoAliasStateRun {
+    uint64_t Begin;
+    uint64_t End;
+    NoAliasState State;
+  };
+
+  /// A protected noalias node created by retagging a noalias function argument.
+  /// Parent is another noalias node, or 0 for the raw/root parent. The
+  /// underlying pointer provenance remains represented by Pointer::Obj.
+  struct NoAliasNode {
+    uint64_t Parent = 0;
+    MemoryObject *Object = nullptr;
+    bool Active = false;
+    // Run-Length Encoding to reduce memory consumption.
+    SmallVector<NoAliasStateRun, 1> States;
+  };
+
+  // The node ID 0 is reserved for raw/root nodes.
+  uint64_t NextNoAliasNode = 1;
+  uint64_t ActiveNoAliasScopes = 0;
+  DenseMap<uint64_t, NoAliasNode> NoAliasNodes;
+  DenseMap<MemoryObject *, SmallVector<uint64_t, 2>> NoAliasNodesByObject;
+
+  // noalias-related diagnostics
+  std::string LastNoAliasError;
+  SmallVector<std::string, 4> NoAliasEvents;
+
   AnyValue fromBytes(ConstBytesView Bytes, Type *Ty, uint32_t OffsetInBits,
                      bool CheckPaddingBits, bool *ContainsUndefinedBits);
   void toBytes(const AnyValue &Val, Type *Ty, uint32_t OffsetInBits,
@@ -300,6 +348,44 @@ class Context {
                                const APInt &Scale, GEPNoWrapFlags Flags,
                                AnyValue &AccumulatedOffset);
 
+  /// Return whether \p Ancestor is on \p Descendant's noalias parent chain.
+  /// This relation defines whether an access is local to a protected node.
+  bool isNoAliasAncestor(uint64_t Ancestor, uint64_t Descendant) const;
+  bool hasActiveNoAliasDescendant(uint64_t NodeID) const;
+  /// Try to erase the node if it is inactive and has no active descendant.
+  void tryEraseInactiveNoAliasNode(uint64_t NodeID);
+  static StringRef getNoAliasAccessKindName(NoAliasAccessKind Kind);
+  static StringRef getNoAliasStateName(NoAliasState State);
+  static std::string getNoAliasNodeName(uint64_t NodeID);
+  static std::string getNoAliasObjectName(const MemoryObject &MO);
+  void appendNoAliasEvent(std::string Msg);
+  /// Record a noalias violation in both the user-facing error slot and verbose
+  /// event queue.
+  void setNoAliasViolation(uint64_t ProtectedNodeId, uint64_t AccessNode,
+                           const MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Begin, uint64_t End,
+                           NoAliasAccessKind Kind, bool IsLocal,
+                           NoAliasState State, bool IsProtectorEndAction);
+  /// Apply the noalias state machine for one homogeneous byte range. Returns
+  /// std::nullopt when the access is forbidden and should be reported as an
+  /// immediate UB.
+  static std::optional<NoAliasState>
+  transitionNoAliasState(NoAliasState State, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                         bool IsLocal);
+  /// Apply a memory access to every active protector for \p MO. \p
+  /// SkipDescendantsOf is used for protector-end synthetic accesses.
+  bool accessNoAliasImpl(MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Offset, uint64_t Size,
+                         uint64_t AccessNode, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                         uint64_t SkipDescendantsOf);
+  /// Update one node's sparse byte-state runs for access to [Begin, End).
+  /// The nodes store only non-Reserved runs, so this routine splits old runs,
+  /// treats gaps as implicit Reserved ranges, transitions each touches segment,
+  /// and coalesces adjacent ranges that end in the same non-Reserved state.
+  bool updateNoAliasNodeForAccess(NoAliasNode &Node, uint64_t Begin,
+                                  uint64_t End, NoAliasAccessKind Kind,
+                                  bool IsLocal, uint64_t ProtectedNodeID,
+                                  uint64_t AccessNode,
+                                  bool IsProtectorEndAction);
+
   // Constants
   // Use std::map to avoid iterator/reference invalidation.
   std::map<Constant *, MaterializedConstant> ConstCache;
@@ -337,6 +423,7 @@ class Context {
   void setMaxSteps(uint32_t MS) { MaxSteps = MS; }
   void setMaxStackDepth(uint32_t Depth) { MaxStackDepth = Depth; }
   void setFusedMultiplyAdd(bool F) { FusedMultiplyAdd = F; }
+  void setExperimentalNoAlias(bool Enabled) { ExperimentalNoAlias = Enabled; }
   uint64_t getMemoryLimit() const { return MaxMem; }
   uint32_t getVScale() const { return VScale; }
   uint32_t getMaxSteps() const { return MaxSteps; }
@@ -347,6 +434,7 @@ class Context {
   UndefValueBehavior getEffectiveUndefValueBehavior() const;
   NaNPropagationBehavior getEffectiveNaNPropagationBehavior() const;
   bool fuseMultiplyAdd() const { return FusedMultiplyAdd; }
+  bool isExperimentalNoAliasEnabled() const { return ExperimentalNoAlias; }
   void setUndefValueBehavior(UndefValueBehavior UB) { UndefBehavior = UB; }
   void setNaNPropagationBehavior(NaNPropagationBehavior NaNBehav) {
     NaNBehavior = NaNBehav;
@@ -434,6 +522,20 @@ class Context {
   Function *getTargetFunction(const Pointer &Ptr);
   BasicBlock *getTargetBlock(const Pointer &Ptr);
 
+  /// Create a new protected noalias node based on \p Ptr and return a pointer
+  /// associated with that node. The underlying pointer provenance is unchanged.
+  Pointer createNoAliasPointer(const Pointer &Ptr);
+  /// Apply a memory access to the active noalias state machines for \p MO.
+  /// Returns false when the protected state machine detects UB.
+  bool accessNoAlias(MemoryObject &MO, uint64_t Offset, uint64_t Size,
+                     uint64_t AccessNode, NoAliasAccessKind Kind);
+  /// End all noalias protectors created for a call frame.
+  bool endNoAliasScopes(ArrayRef<uint64_t> Nodes);
+  StringRef getLastNoAliasError() const { return LastNoAliasError; }
+  SmallVector<std::string, 4> takeNoAliasEvents();
+  /// Drop noalias state for an object \p MO that is no longer usable.
+  void clearNoAliasState(const MemoryObject &MO);
+
   /// Initialize global variables and function/block objects. This function
   /// should be called before executing any function. Returns false if the
   /// initialization fails (e.g., the memory limit is exceeded during
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.cpp b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.cpp
index 0cbb38073f652..5bc53de09362a 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.cpp
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.cpp
@@ -13,18 +13,29 @@
 #include "ExecutorBase.h"
 
 namespace llvm::ubi {
-Frame::Frame(Function &F, CallBase *CallSite, Frame *LastFrame,
-             ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args, AnyValue &RetVal,
-             const TargetLibraryInfoImpl &TLIImpl)
+Frame::Frame(Context &Ctx, Function &F, CallBase *CallSite, Frame *LastFrame,
+             ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args, AnyValue &RetVal)
     : Func(F), LastFrame(LastFrame), CallSite(CallSite), Args(Args),
-      RetVal(RetVal), TLI(TLIImpl, &F) {
+      RetVal(RetVal), TLI(Ctx.getTLIImpl(), &F) {
   assert((Args.size() == F.arg_size() ||
           (F.isVarArg() && Args.size() >= F.arg_size())) &&
          "Expected enough arguments to call the function.");
   BB = &Func.getEntryBlock();
   PC = BB->begin();
-  for (Argument &Arg : F.args())
-    ValueMap[&Arg] = Args[Arg.getArgNo()];
+  for (Argument &Arg : F.args()) {
+    AnyValue ArgValue = Args[Arg.getArgNo()];
+    // Retag only callee-visible noalias pointer parameters. This creates the
+    // protected node for the dynamic call frame without changing the normal
+    // provenance carried by the pointer.
+    if (Ctx.isExperimentalNoAliasEnabled() && Arg.hasNoAliasAttr() &&
+        Arg.getType()->isPointerTy() && !ArgValue.isPoison()) {
+      Pointer Retagged = Ctx.createNoAliasPointer(ArgValue.asPointer());
+      if (uint64_t NodeID = Retagged.getNoAliasNodeID())
+        NoAliasNodes.push_back(NodeID);
+      ArgValue = Retagged;
+    }
+    ValueMap[&Arg] = std::move(ArgValue);
+  }
 }
 
 DiagnosticReporter ExecutorBase::reportImmediateUB() {
@@ -35,6 +46,11 @@ DiagnosticReporter ExecutorBase::reportError() {
   return DiagnosticReporter(*this, DiagnosticKind::Error);
 }
 
+void ExecutorBase::flushNoAliasEvents() {
+  for (const std::string &Msg : Ctx.takeNoAliasEvents())
+    Handler.onNoAliasEvent(Msg);
+}
+
 void ExecutorBase::reportImmediateUBString(StringRef Msg) {
   // Check if we have already reported an immediate UB.
   if (hasProgramExited())
@@ -131,6 +147,18 @@ AnyValue ExecutorBase::load(const AnyValue &Ptr, Align Alignment, Type *ValTy,
                             NoUndef ? &ContainsUndefinedBits : nullptr);
     if (NoUndef && ContainsUndefinedBits)
       reportImmediateUB() << "The value loaded contains undefined bits.";
+
+    // Run noalias after ordinary memory validity checks so diagnostics report
+    // aliasing only for otherwise valid concrete accesses.
+    if (const uint64_t AccessSize = Ctx.getEffectiveTypeStoreSize(ValTy);
+        !Ctx.accessNoAlias(*MO, Offset, AccessSize, PtrVal.getNoAliasNodeID(),
+                           NoAliasAccessKind::Read)) {
+      flushNoAliasEvents();
+      reportImmediateUB() << Ctx.getLastNoAliasError();
+      return AnyValue::getPoisonValue(Ctx, ValTy);
+    }
+    flushNoAliasEvents();
+
     return Res;
   }
   return AnyValue::getPoisonValue(Ctx, ValTy);
@@ -146,8 +174,17 @@ void ExecutorBase::store(const AnyValue &Ptr, Align Alignment,
   if (auto [MO, Offset] = verifyMemAccess(
           PtrVal, Ctx.getEffectiveTypeStoreSize(ValTy), Alignment,
           /*IsStore=*/true);
-      MO)
+      MO) {
+    if (const uint64_t AccessSize = Ctx.getEffectiveTypeStoreSize(ValTy);
+        !Ctx.accessNoAlias(*MO, Offset, AccessSize, PtrVal.getNoAliasNodeID(),
+                           NoAliasAccessKind::Write)) {
+      flushNoAliasEvents();
+      reportImmediateUB() << Ctx.getLastNoAliasError();
+      return;
+    }
+    flushNoAliasEvents();
     Ctx.store(*MO, Offset, Val, ValTy);
+  }
 }
 
 void ExecutorBase::requestProgramExit(ProgramExitInfo::ProgramExitKind Kind,
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.h b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.h
index a1c8e49126d02..9cf2c13fbb36e 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.h
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/ExecutorBase.h
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ struct Frame {
   // Stack objects allocated in this frame. They will be automatically freed
   // when the function returns.
   SmallVector<IntrusiveRefCntPtr<MemoryObject>> Allocas;
+  // Protected noalias nodes created for this frame's arguments
+  SmallVector<uint64_t, 4> NoAliasNodes;
   // Values of arguments and executed instructions in this function.
   DenseMap<Value *, AnyValue> ValueMap;
 
@@ -69,9 +71,8 @@ struct Frame {
   SmallVector<IntrusiveRefCntPtr<MemoryObject>> CalleeByValArgs;
   AnyValue CalleeRetVal;
 
-  Frame(Function &F, CallBase *CallSite, Frame *LastFrame,
-        ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args, AnyValue &RetVal,
-        const TargetLibraryInfoImpl &TLIImpl);
+  Frame(Context &Ctx, Function &F, CallBase *CallSite, Frame *LastFrame,
+        ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args, AnyValue &RetVal);
 };
 
 enum class DiagnosticKind {
@@ -102,6 +103,8 @@ class ExecutorBase {
   DiagnosticReporter reportImmediateUB();
   DiagnosticReporter reportError();
 
+  void flushNoAliasEvents();
+
   /// Check if the upcoming memory access is valid. Returns the resolved memory
   /// object and offset if it is valid.
   std::pair<MemoryObject *, uint64_t> verifyMemAccess(const Pointer &Ptr,
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Interpreter.cpp b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Interpreter.cpp
index 425215b4aee2e..f77d794727780 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Interpreter.cpp
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Interpreter.cpp
@@ -913,8 +913,8 @@ class InstExecutor : public InstVisitor<InstExecutor, void>,
                ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args, AnyValue &RetVal)
       : ExecutorBase(C, H), DL(Ctx.getDataLayout()),
         Lib(Ctx, Handler, DL, static_cast<ExecutorBase &>(*this)) {
-    CallStack.emplace_back(F, /*CallSite=*/nullptr, /*LastFrame=*/nullptr, Args,
-                           RetVal, Ctx.getTLIImpl());
+    CallStack.emplace_back(Ctx, F, /*CallSite=*/nullptr, /*LastFrame=*/nullptr,
+                           Args, RetVal);
   }
 
   void visitReturnInst(ReturnInst &RI) {
@@ -2163,8 +2163,7 @@ class InstExecutor : public InstVisitor<InstExecutor, void>,
       ArrayRef<AnyValue> Args = CurrentFrame->CalleeArgs;
       AnyValue &RetVal = CurrentFrame->CalleeRetVal;
       CurrentFrame->State = FrameState::Pending;
-      CallStack.emplace_back(*Callee, &CB, CurrentFrame, Args, RetVal,
-                             Ctx.getTLIImpl());
+      CallStack.emplace_back(Ctx, *Callee, &CB, CurrentFrame, Args, RetVal);
     }
   }
 
@@ -2807,6 +2806,7 @@ class InstExecutor : public InstVisitor<InstExecutor, void>,
       CurrentFrame = &Top;
       if (Top.State == FrameState::Entry) {
         Handler.onFunctionEntry(Top.Func, Top.Args, Top.CallSite);
+        flushNoAliasEvents();
       } else {
         assert(Top.State == FrameState::Pending &&
                "Expected to return from a callee.");
@@ -2847,6 +2847,14 @@ class InstExecutor : public InstVisitor<InstExecutor, void>,
       if (Top.State == FrameState::Exit) {
         assert((Top.Func.getReturnType()->isVoidTy() || !Top.RetVal.isNone()) &&
                "Expected return value to be set on function exit.");
+        // End protectors before freeing frame allocas: protector end actions
+        // are still accesses to the protected memory object.
+        if (!Ctx.endNoAliasScopes(Top.NoAliasNodes)) {
+          flushNoAliasEvents();
+          reportImmediateUB() << Ctx.getLastNoAliasError();
+          break;
+        }
+        flushNoAliasEvents();
         Handler.onFunctionExit(Top.Func, Top.RetVal);
         // Free stack objects allocated in this frame.
         for (auto &Obj : Top.Allocas)
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Value.h b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Value.h
index 77e428813a832..02ccf05e5bf19 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Value.h
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/lib/Value.h
@@ -42,13 +42,15 @@ class AnyValue;
 struct Byte {
   uint8_t ConcreteMask;
   uint8_t Value;
-  uint8_t TagMask;  // A mask to indicate which bits are pointer bits.
-  uint8_t TagValue; // For each pointer bit, the corresponding bit of the tag
-                    // for provenance tracking.
+  uint8_t TagMask;      // A mask to indicate which bits are pointer bits.
+  uint8_t TagValue;     // For each pointer bit, the corresponding bit of the
+                        // tag for provenance tracking.
+  uint8_t NoAliasMask;  // A mask to indicate which bits carry a noalias node.
+  uint64_t NoAliasNode; // Shadow noalias node id for pointer bits.
 
-  static Byte poison() { return Byte{0, 0, 0, 0}; }
-  static Byte undef() { return Byte{0, 255, 0, 0}; }
-  static Byte concrete(uint8_t Val) { return Byte{255, Val, 0, 0}; }
+  static Byte poison() { return Byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; }
+  static Byte undef() { return Byte{0, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0}; }
+  static Byte concrete(uint8_t Val) { return Byte{255, Val, 0, 0, 0, 0}; }
 
   void zeroBits(uint8_t Mask) {
     ConcreteMask |= Mask;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ struct Byte {
     ConcreteMask |= Mask;
     Value = (Value & ~Mask) | (Val & Mask);
     TagMask &= ~Mask;
+    NoAliasMask &= ~Mask;
   }
 
   void writeTagBits(uint8_t Mask, uint8_t Tag) {
@@ -79,25 +82,50 @@ struct Byte {
     TagValue = (TagValue & ~Mask) | (Tag & Mask);
   }
 
+  void writeNoAliasBits(uint8_t Mask, uint64_t NodeID) {
+    assert((ConcreteMask & Mask) == Mask &&
+           "Please ensure pointer bits are concrete before calling "
+           "writeNoAliasBits.");
+    if (!NodeID) {
+      NoAliasMask &= ~Mask;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (NoAliasMask && NoAliasNode != NodeID)
+      NoAliasMask = 0;
+    NoAliasNode = NodeID;
+    NoAliasMask |= Mask;
+  }
+
   /// Returns a logical byte that is part of two adjacent bytes.
   /// Example with ShAmt = 5:
   ///     |       Low       |      High       |
   /// LSB | 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 | MSB
   ///     Result =  | 1 0 1   0 0 0 0 1 |
   static Byte fshr(const Byte &Low, const Byte &High, uint32_t ShAmt) {
+    uint16_t NoAliasMask = Low.NoAliasMask | (High.NoAliasMask << 8);
+    uint64_t NoAliasNode = Low.NoAliasNode;
+    if (Low.NoAliasMask && High.NoAliasMask &&
+        Low.NoAliasNode != High.NoAliasNode)
+      NoAliasMask = 0;
+    else if (!Low.NoAliasMask)
+      NoAliasNode = High.NoAliasNode;
     return Byte{
         static_cast<uint8_t>((Low.ConcreteMask | (High.ConcreteMask << 8)) >>
                              ShAmt),
         static_cast<uint8_t>((Low.Value | (High.Value << 8)) >> ShAmt),
         static_cast<uint8_t>((Low.TagMask | (High.TagMask << 8)) >> ShAmt),
-        static_cast<uint8_t>((Low.TagValue | (High.TagValue << 8)) >> ShAmt)};
+        static_cast<uint8_t>((Low.TagValue | (High.TagValue << 8)) >> ShAmt),
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(NoAliasMask >> ShAmt),
+        NoAliasNode};
   }
 
   Byte lshr(uint8_t Shift) const {
     return Byte{static_cast<uint8_t>(ConcreteMask >> Shift),
                 static_cast<uint8_t>(Value >> Shift),
                 static_cast<uint8_t>(TagMask >> Shift),
-                static_cast<uint8_t>(TagValue >> Shift)};
+                static_cast<uint8_t>(TagValue >> Shift),
+                static_cast<uint8_t>(NoAliasMask >> Shift),
+                NoAliasNode};
   }
 };
 
@@ -199,6 +227,9 @@ class Pointer {
   // The address of the pointer. The bit width is determined by
   // DataLayout::getPointerSizeInBits.
   APInt Address;
+  // A side-channel id for the noalias borrow tree node this pointer is based
+  // on. This is intentionally separate from the pointer provenance above.
+  uint64_t NoAliasNode = 0;
 
 public:
   explicit Pointer(const APInt &Address)
@@ -207,17 +238,27 @@ class Pointer {
       : Prov(std::move(Prov)), Address(Address) {
     assert(this->Prov && "Invalid provenance.");
   }
+  explicit Pointer(IntrusiveRefCntPtr<Provenance> Prov, const APInt &Address,
+                   uint64_t NoAliasNode)
+      : Prov(std::move(Prov)), Address(Address), NoAliasNode(NoAliasNode) {
+    assert(this->Prov && "Invalid provenance.");
+  }
   Pointer getWithNewAddr(const APInt &NewAddr) const {
-    return Pointer(Prov, NewAddr);
+    return Pointer(Prov, NewAddr, NoAliasNode);
   }
   Pointer getWithNewProvenance(IntrusiveRefCntPtr<Provenance> NewProv) const {
-    return Pointer(NewProv, Address);
+    return Pointer(NewProv, Address, NoAliasNode);
+  }
+  Pointer getWithNoAliasNode(uint64_t NewNoAliasNode) const {
+    return Pointer(Prov, Address, NewNoAliasNode);
   }
   static AnyValue null(unsigned AS, const DataLayout &DL);
   bool isNullPtr(unsigned AS, const DataLayout &DL) const;
   void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
   const APInt &address() const { return Address; }
   Provenance &provenance() const { return *Prov; }
+  MemoryObject *getMemoryObject() const { return Prov->getMemoryObject(); }
+  uint64_t getNoAliasNodeID() const { return NoAliasNode; }
 };
 
 // Value representation for actual values of LLVM values.
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llubi/llubi.cpp b/llvm/tools/llubi/llubi.cpp
index fd0e8e8f55ace..16887d30590e2 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llubi/llubi.cpp
+++ b/llvm/tools/llubi/llubi.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ static cl::opt<bool>
                   cl::desc("Disable interpreter-introduced non-determinism."),
                   cl::init(false), cl::cat(InterpreterCategory));
 
+static cl::opt<bool>
+    ExperimentalNoAlias("experimental-noalias",
+                        cl::desc("Enable experimental LLVM noalias checking."),
+                        cl::init(false), cl::cat(InterpreterCategory));
+
 static cl::opt<bool> FuseFMulAdd("fuse-fmuladd",
                                  cl::desc("Fuse llvm.fmuladd.* intrinsic"),
                                  cl::init(true), cl::cat(InterpreterCategory));
@@ -192,6 +197,10 @@ class VerboseEventHandler : public NoopEventHandler {
 
     llvm_unreachable("Unknown ProgramExitKind");
   }
+  bool onNoAliasEvent(StringRef Msg) override {
+    errs() << "NoAlias: " << Msg << '\n';
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
@@ -254,6 +263,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   Ctx.setMaxStackDepth(MaxStackDepth);
   Ctx.setFusedMultiplyAdd(FuseFMulAdd);
   Ctx.setDeterministic(Deterministic);
+  Ctx.setExperimentalNoAlias(ExperimentalNoAlias);
   Ctx.setUndefValueBehavior(UndefBehavior);
   Ctx.setNaNPropagationBehavior(NaNPropagationBehavior);
   Ctx.reseed(Seed);

>From a7b650af4f187b0f919f61aee45175b42e4687b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zhige Chen <zhigec_cpp at outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 16:30:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] [llubi] Fix Pointer::getWithNewAddr

---
 .../test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll | 24 ++++++++----------
 .../tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll | 25 +++++++------------
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
index aa946d0f11e84..173a9aaa4c259 100644
--- a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_outside_range.ll
@@ -36,21 +36,17 @@ define void @main() {
 ; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [1, 2) checked 1 active noalias protector
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   store i8 42, ptr %raw1, align 1
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %x2 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 2 => ptr 0xA [data + 2]
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [2, 3): Reserved -> ReservedF
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [2, 3) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local read through node #1 on 'data' bytes [2, 3): Reserved -> ReservedL
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through node #1 on 'data' bytes [2, 3) checked 1 active noalias protector
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %v2 = load i8, ptr %x2, align 1 => i8 62
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %x3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %x, i64 3 => ptr 0xB [data + 3]
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4): Reserved -> ReservedF
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local read through node #1 on 'data' bytes [3, 4): Reserved -> ReservedL
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: read through node #1 on 'data' bytes [3, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %v3 = load i8, ptr %x3, align 1 => i8 -117
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %raw3 = getelementptr i8, ptr %raw, i64 3 => ptr 0xB [data + 3]
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4): ReservedF -> Disabled
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) checked 1 active noalias protector
-; CHECK-NEXT:   store i8 42, ptr %raw3, align 1
-; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
-; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: stuff
-; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @stuff(ptr %raw, ptr %raw)
-; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
-; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: noalias violation: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in ReservedL state
+; CHECK-NEXT: Stacktrace:
+; CHECK-NEXT: #0   store i8 42, ptr %raw3, align 1 at @stuff
+; CHECK-NEXT: #1   call void @stuff(ptr %raw, ptr %raw) at @main
+; CHECK-NEXT: Immediate UB detected: noalias violation: write through raw/root on 'data' bytes [3, 4) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in ReservedL state
+; CHECK-NEXT: error: Execution of function 'main' failed.
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
index 068e4a9136ee9..c9e4d8815fb62 100644
--- a/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llubi/noalias_overlapping_ranges.ll
@@ -26,21 +26,14 @@ define void @main() {
 ; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #1 for 'array' based on raw/root
 ; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: created protector node #2 for 'array' based on raw/root
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %a1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %a, i64 0, i64 1 => ptr 0xC [array + 4]
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 local write through node #1 on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Unique
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through node #1 on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Reserved -> Disabled
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through node #1 on 'array' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 5, ptr %a1, align 4
 ; CHECK-NEXT:   %b1 = getelementptr [4 x i32], ptr %b, i64 0, i64 1 => ptr 0xC [array + 4]
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #1 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Disabled -> Disabled
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: node #2 foreign write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8): Disabled -> Disabled
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: write through raw/root on 'array' bytes [4, 8) checked 2 active noalias protectors
-; CHECK-NEXT:   store i32 6, ptr %b1, align 4
-; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #1
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #1
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: ended protector node #2
-; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: erased inactive protector node #2
-; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: write_overlap
-; CHECK-NEXT:   call void @write_overlap(ptr %array, ptr %array)
-; CHECK-NEXT:   ret void
-; CHECK-NEXT: Exiting function: main
+; CHECK-NEXT: NoAlias: noalias violation: write through node #2 on 'array' bytes [4, 8) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in Unique state
+; CHECK-NEXT: Stacktrace:
+; CHECK-NEXT: #0   store i32 6, ptr %b1, align 4 at @write_overlap
+; CHECK-NEXT: #1   call void @write_overlap(ptr %array, ptr %array) at @main
+; CHECK-NEXT: Immediate UB detected: noalias violation: write through node #2 on 'array' bytes [4, 8) is foreign to protected node #1, but that protector is in Unique state
+; CHECK-NEXT: error: Execution of function 'main' failed.



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