[llvm] [GitHub][CI] Add missing dependencies to code-lint container (PR #163873)

[Baranov Victor via llvm-commits]

vbvictor wrote:

I can't reproduce podman build error locally
```
Error: resolving step {Value:copy Next:0xc000266310 Children:[] Attributes:map[] Original:COPY --from=llvm-downloader /llvm-extract/LLVM-${LLVM_VERSION}-Linux-X64/bin/clang-tidy                             /llvm-extract/LLVM-${LLVM_VERSION}-Linux-X64/bin/clang-${LLVM_VERSION%%.*}                             ${LLVM_SYSROOT}/bin/ Flags:[--from=llvm-downloader] StartLine:56 EndLine:58}: Missing ':' in substitution: /llvm-extract/LLVM-${LLVM_VERSION}-Linux-X64/bin/clang-${LLVM_VERSION%%.*}
```

So I use separate ARG variable for major LLVM version

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/163873