[clang-tools-extra] [llvm] reapply "[clang-tidy] support query based custom check" (PR #159547)

[Ingo Müller via llvm-commits]

https://github.com/ingomueller-net approved this pull request.

I was able to build `clangTidy` in my set-up, so it seems to work now. Approval for that aspect.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/159547