[llvm] [llvm-strip] Let llvm-strip continue on encountering an error (PR #129531)

[Tejas Vipin via llvm-commits]

meltq wrote:

Addressed Nit. From my understanding, all commits need to be merged at the end so I rebased and force pushed (unless I was wrong?) 
Additionally, my email address should be public now. And I would appreciate you merging.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/129531