[llvm] workflows: Rewrite build-ci-container to work on larger runners (PR #117353)

[Aiden Grossman via llvm-commits]

boomanaiden154 wrote:

@tstellar What are your plans on landing this? I wanted to try porting it to the premerge cluster this week, but would prefer to build off of this patch in tree.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/117353