[llvm] [CMake][ASAN] Add support for ADDRESS_SANITIZER_BUILD compile option (PR #83595)

[Christian Ulmann via llvm-commits]

Dinistro wrote:

Took me a while to allocate time for this.
The `LLVM_ADDRESS_SANITIZER_BUILD` option is now made available through `llvm-config.h`, which ensures that downstream users do not have to know if LLVM was built with or without this option.

I'm not yet sure if we should do the same thing for memory and thread sanitizers, as they also use `__has_feature` in a header file. Given that this is not transitively used in a template, they might not result in ODR violations. Still, it would be less error prone if these options would be exposed through CMake as well.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83595