[llvm] [ValueTracking] Recognize `LShr(UINT_MAX, Y) + 1` as a power-of-two (PR #91171)

[via llvm-commits]

https://github.com/YanWQ-monad created https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91171

There is a missed optimization in
``` llvm
define i8 @known_power_of_two_rust_next_power_of_two(i8 %x, i8 %y) {
  %2 = add i8 %x, -1
  %3 = tail call i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8(i8 %2, i1 true)
  %4 = lshr i8 -1, %3
  %5 = add i8 %4, 1
  %6 = icmp ugt i8 %x, 1
  %p = select i1 %6, i8 %5, i8 1

  %r = urem i8 %y, %p
  ret i8 %r
}
```
which is extracted from the Rust code
``` rust
fn func(x: usize, y: usize) -> usize {
    let z = x.next_power_of_two();
    y % z
}
```
Here `%p` (a.k.a `z`) is semantically a power-of-two, so `y urem p` can be optimized to `y & (p - 1)`. (Alive2 proof: https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/H3zooY)

---

It could be generalized to recognizing `LShr(UINT_MAX, Y) + 1` as a power-of-two, which is what this PR does.
Alive2 proof: https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/zUPTbc

>From 497a79e0f2a9201612ce30f34d185a73c7be7320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YanWQ-monad <YanWQmonad at gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 May 2024 15:24:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] [ValueTracking] Pre-commit: add test

---
 .../ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll  | 24 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll b/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
index 0fa8a74d250d25..38a216408117f1 100644
--- a/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
@@ -387,3 +387,27 @@ for.end:
   %r = phi i64 [ %sum, %for.body ]
   ret i64 %r
 }
+
+; https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/3QfEHm
+define i8 @known_power_of_two_rust_next_power_of_two(i8 %x, i8 %y) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @known_power_of_two_rust_next_power_of_two(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X:%.*]], -1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = tail call range(i8 0, 9) i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8(i8 [[TMP1]], i1 true)
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP3:%.*]] = lshr i8 -1, [[TMP2]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP4:%.*]] = add i8 [[TMP3]], 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP5:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[X]], 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[P:%.*]] = select i1 [[TMP5]], i8 [[TMP4]], i8 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[R:%.*]] = urem i8 [[Y:%.*]], [[P]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8 [[R]]
+;
+  %2 = add i8 %x, -1
+  %3 = tail call i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8(i8 %2, i1 true)
+  %4 = lshr i8 -1, %3
+  %5 = add i8 %4, 1
+  %6 = icmp ugt i8 %x, 1
+  %p = select i1 %6, i8 %5, i8 1
+  ; Rust's implementation of `%p = next_power_of_two(%x)`
+
+  %r = urem i8 %y, %p
+  ret i8 %r
+}

>From bd1e9ba76e5360f5b75b98cf30907521b775cd72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YanWQ-monad <YanWQmonad at gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 May 2024 15:45:24 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] [ValueTracking] Recognize `LShr(UINT_MAX, Y) + 1` as a
 power-of-two

---
 llvm/lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp                    | 10 +++++++++-
 .../Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll  |  7 +++----
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp b/llvm/lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp
index 0dbb39d7c8ec46..33bedf7ad3d90d 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp
@@ -2144,6 +2144,8 @@ bool isKnownToBeAPowerOfTwo(const Value *V, bool OrZero, unsigned Depth,
       return OrZero || isKnownNonZero(I->getOperand(0), Q, Depth);
     return false;
   case Instruction::Add: {
+    unsigned BitWidth = V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
+
     // Adding a power-of-two or zero to the same power-of-two or zero yields
     // either the original power-of-two, a larger power-of-two or zero.
     const OverflowingBinaryOperator *VOBO = cast<OverflowingBinaryOperator>(V);
@@ -2158,7 +2160,6 @@ bool isKnownToBeAPowerOfTwo(const Value *V, bool OrZero, unsigned Depth,
           isKnownToBeAPowerOfTwo(I->getOperand(0), OrZero, Depth, Q))
         return true;
 
-      unsigned BitWidth = V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
       KnownBits LHSBits(BitWidth);
       computeKnownBits(I->getOperand(0), LHSBits, Depth, Q);
 
@@ -2173,6 +2174,13 @@ bool isKnownToBeAPowerOfTwo(const Value *V, bool OrZero, unsigned Depth,
         if (OrZero || RHSBits.One.getBoolValue() || LHSBits.One.getBoolValue())
           return true;
     }
+
+    // LShr(UINT_MAX, Y) + 1 is a power of two (if nuw) or zero.
+    if (OrZero || Q.IIQ.hasNoUnsignedWrap(VOBO)) {
+      APInt UIntMax = APInt::getMaxValue(BitWidth);
+      if (match(I, m_Add(m_LShr(m_SpecificInt(UIntMax), m_Value()), m_One())))
+        return true;
+    }
     return false;
   }
   case Instruction::Select:
diff --git a/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll b/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
index 38a216408117f1..20497cb57d03d0 100644
--- a/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Analysis/ValueTracking/known-power-of-two-urem.ll
@@ -394,10 +394,9 @@ define i8 @known_power_of_two_rust_next_power_of_two(i8 %x, i8 %y) {
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP1:%.*]] = add i8 [[X:%.*]], -1
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP2:%.*]] = tail call range(i8 0, 9) i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8(i8 [[TMP1]], i1 true)
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP3:%.*]] = lshr i8 -1, [[TMP2]]
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP4:%.*]] = add i8 [[TMP3]], 1
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP5:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[X]], 1
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[P:%.*]] = select i1 [[TMP5]], i8 [[TMP4]], i8 1
-; CHECK-NEXT:    [[R:%.*]] = urem i8 [[Y:%.*]], [[P]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP4:%.*]] = icmp ugt i8 [[X]], 1
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[TMP5:%.*]] = select i1 [[TMP4]], i8 [[TMP3]], i8 0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[R:%.*]] = and i8 [[TMP5]], [[Y:%.*]]
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8 [[R]]
 ;
   %2 = add i8 %x, -1