[llvm-branch-commits] [Github] Bump CI container to ubuntu 24.04 (PR #132568)

[Aiden Grossman via llvm-branch-commits]

https://github.com/boomanaiden154 created https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/132568

This helps keep things up to date, and should not cause any issues given we do
not need to care about binary compatibility for things built in the CI
container. This patch also changes the name of the container which allows
incrementally moving jobs over after this lands.