[clang] [Clang] Don't skip capture of parameters in default arguments (PR #235529)

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Praneeth740 wrote:

Rebased onto current main to drop unrelated history (the branch had been started from the LLVM 19 branch). The local test results in the description were obtained on that LLVM 19-based tree. The patch applies cleanly to main but I have not yet built or tested it there, so I am relying on CI for now. AI assistance was used for analysis, drafting the patch and writing commands; I reviewed the change and ran the listed tests myself. I have read the contribution policies, including the AI tool use policy.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/235529