[clang] [clang] Remember which concept-ids are known to be satisfied (PR #227398)

[Younan Zhang via cfe-commits]

zyn0217 wrote:

I think a more practical direction would be, to explore if we can extend our template argument cache introduced in #188421 so that it can be shared across nested constraints - IIRC it gets reset every time when we enter Checker.

As for this PR I'm a bit concerned about the DeclContext issue which sometimes their evaluation results might depend on, e.g. when access checking is also involved.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/227398