[clang] [clang] Remember which concept-ids are known to be satisfied (PR #227398)

[Nico Weber via cfe-commits]

nico wrote:

I posted some numbers for usb_ids_gen.ii here: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/172266#issuecomment-5895631400

Interestingly, while this patch here is a smaller win than the previous one for chromium builds overall, it's a bigger win for that specific file.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/227398