[clang] [LifetimeSafety] Add negative-test for `lifetime_capture_by_this` on constructors (PR #227251)

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<!--LLVM PR SUMMARY COMMENT-->

@llvm/pr-subscribers-clang

Author: Utkarsh Saxena (usx95)

<details>
<summary>Changes</summary>



---
Full diff: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/227251.diff


1 Files Affected:

- (modified) clang/test/Sema/LifetimeSafety/safety.cpp (+22) 


``````````diff
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/LifetimeSafety/safety.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/LifetimeSafety/safety.cpp
index fb91fb30713db..cd16a4d723f84 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/LifetimeSafety/safety.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/LifetimeSafety/safety.cpp
@@ -4099,6 +4099,28 @@ struct Helper {
 };
 } // namespace off_by_one_crash
 
+// FIXME(GH227246): Support capture_by_this on constructors without inference of lifetimebound.
+namespace constructor_test {
+struct Item {};
+
+struct Container {
+  const Item* saved;
+  Container() = default;
+  Container(const Item& item [[clang::lifetime_capture_by_this]]) {
+    saved = &item;
+  }
+};
+
+void test() {
+  Container c;
+  {
+    Item item;
+    c = Container(item); // tu-warning {{local variable 'item' does not live long enough}}
+  }                      // tu-note {{local variable 'item' is destroyed here}}
+  use(c);                // tu-note {{later used here}}
+}
+} // namespace constructor_test
+
 struct [[gsl::Pointer()]] PtrWithInt { int x; };
 PtrWithInt f() {
   return PtrWithInt{10};

``````````

</details>


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/227251