[clang] [clang] Prevent stack overflow on deeply nested template arguments (PR #224393)

[Younan Zhang via cfe-commits]

zyn0217 wrote:

FYI this shows little impact on our compile time tracker: https://llvm-compile-time-tracker.com/compare.php?from=82b9a76acb072b5ee6dc5dd123d30b883fcc4222&to=90119a8e8bec2f685d5cc044ad94b78a755d417b&stat=instructions

Though we probably need to test template heavy codebases further.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/224393