[clang] [clang] Prevent stack overflow on deeply nested template arguments (PR #224393)

[Daniel Petrovic via cfe-commits]

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daniel-petrovic wrote:

hmm... you sure about this one ? 
e.g. there is also clang/test/SemaTemplate/stack-exhaustion.cpp (where I copied some comments from)

what I also found, e.g. clang/test/Parser/gh110231.cpp and clang/test/Parser/dep_template_spec_type.cpp (testing stack overflow)

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/224393