[clang] [analyzer] Prune infeasible states related to concrete ints early to fix a crash (PR #210912)

[Donát Nagy via cfe-commits]

NagyDonat wrote:

> @NagyDonat Could you test this too? My plan is to land this, and backport it to clang-23 as this would fix a crash regression.

I started a CI job that compares deed195c31f0ece487aa5ef79c90633860f10b93 (the squashed, merged version of this PR) and its parent.

I'll try to post the results, but please ping me within a few days if I accidentally forget.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/210912