[clang] [analyzer] Prune infeasible states related to concrete ints early to fix a crash (PR #210912)

[Balázs Benics via cfe-commits]

steakhal wrote:

Looks great now, thanks!
Let's merge this, and see if Donat has some time to test this - if not, that's probably also fine. We have plenty of time to stabilize this until the next release in January.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/210912