[clang] Reland "[LifetimeSafety] Detect iterator invalidation through container aliases" (PR #197873)

[Utkarsh Saxena via cfe-commits]

usx95 wrote:

Thanks. Can you please verify that the original report and the reproducer in https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/195231 do not crash anymore. Add that as a test and mention this in the description.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/197873