[clang] [Clang] Fixed a crash when instantiating an invalid out-of-line static data member definition in a local class (PR #196772)

[via cfe-commits]

TPPPP72 wrote:

#195416 is a regression issue caused by #176152.

Original fix PR to #176152 has been reverted and @ojhunt has added a test to #195416.
So I just add a test to #176152. 

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/196772