[clang] [clang-tools-extra] [clang] Implement CWG2413 (implicit `typename` in conversion operators) (PR #195207)

[via cfe-commits]

github-actions[bot] wrote:

<!--PREMERGE ADVISOR COMMENT: Windows-->
# :window: Windows x64 Test Results

* 53768 tests passed
* 1172 tests skipped
* 1 test failed

## Failed Tests
(click on a test name to see its output)

### Clang
<details>
<summary>Clang.CXX/drs/cwg24xx.cpp</summary>

```
Exit Code: 1

Command Output (stdout):
--
# RUN: at line 1
c:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\build\bin\clang.exe -cc1 -internal-isystem C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\build\lib\clang\23\include -nostdsysteminc -std=c++98 -pedantic-errors C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\clang\test\CXX\drs\cwg24xx.cpp -verify=expected,cxx98-14,cxx98-17
# executed command: 'c:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\build\bin\clang.exe' -cc1 -internal-isystem 'C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\build\lib\clang\23\include' -nostdsysteminc -std=c++98 -pedantic-errors 'C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\clang\test\CXX\drs\cwg24xx.cpp' -verify=expected,cxx98-14,cxx98-17
# .---command stderr------------
# | error: diagnostics with 'error' severity expected but not seen: 
# |   File C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\clang\test\CXX\drs\cwg24xx.cpp Line 184 (directive at C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\clang\test\CXX\drs\cwg24xx.cpp:185) 'cxx98-14-error': target exception specification is not superset of source
# | 1 error generated.
# `-----------------------------
# error: command failed with exit status: 1

--

```
</details>

If these failures are unrelated to your changes (for example tests are broken or flaky at HEAD), please open an issue at https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues and add the `infrastructure` label.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/195207