[clang] [Clang] Fix crash when type-name is combined with class specifier in template argument (PR #191689)

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TPPPP72 wrote:

@ojhunt Thank you for your in-depth analysis and guidance. I will adopt the test cases you suggested. It is indeed a more long-term solution to fix the issue during the AST traversal logic stage. I will try to fix it based on this approach.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/191689