[clang] [Clang] Fix SFINAE access check for protected in a dependent context (PR #190595)

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hax0kartik wrote:

I am not sure whom to add as a reviewer, so requesting a review from @cor3ntin, @shafik or @zyn0217. Please let me know if I need to ping someone else instead. Thanks!

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/190595