[clang] [Driver][MTE] Switch -fsanitize=memtag to use -z memtag-* linker flags (PR #188038)

[Elia Geretto via cfe-commits]

EliaGeretto wrote:

@fmayer @MaskRay This PR supersedes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/187055. This is the clang-specific part. Could you please review it? The changes to the code are the same, I am just splitting the original PR in two, as requested by @MaskRay.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/188038