[clang] [clang][offload] Propagate -v and --cuda-path to linker-wrapper subcommands (PR #186007)

[via cfe-commits]

github-actions[bot] wrote:

<!--PREMERGE ADVISOR COMMENT: Windows-->
# :window: Windows x64 Test Results

* 54829 tests passed
* 2355 tests skipped
* 1 test failed

## Failed Tests
(click on a test name to see its output)

### AddressSanitizer-Unit
<details>
<summary>AddressSanitizer-Unit._/Asan-x86_64-calls-Dynamic-Test_exe/AddressSanitizerInterface/GetHeapSizeTest</summary>

```
Script:
--
C:\_work\llvm-project\llvm-project\build\runtimes\runtimes-bins\compiler-rt\lib\asan\tests\X86_64WindowsDynamicConfig\.\Asan-x86_64-calls-Dynamic-Test.exe --gtest_filter=AddressSanitizerInterface.GetHeapSizeTest
--
C:/_work/llvm-project/llvm-project/compiler-rt/lib/asan/tests/asan_interface_test.cpp:100
Expected equality of these values:
  old_heap_size
    Which is: 9445376
  __sanitizer_get_heap_size()
    Which is: 9969664


```
</details>

If these failures are unrelated to your changes (for example tests are broken or flaky at HEAD), please open an issue at https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues and add the `infrastructure` label.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/186007