[clang] [clang] Fix crash in hasValidIntValue when comparison category type is missing (fixes #170015) (PR #172001)

[via cfe-commits]

code-pankaj wrote:

Yes, GitHub Copilot was used to suggest code changes and commit messages. 
But not to create PR (I was just testing it for the first time ever and didn't knew till what extent it go)
I added the issues fixes in the PR description

Will let you guys know after writing the test case.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/172001