[clang] [clang][clang-cl] Add -fms-preprocessor-compat and support /Zc:preprocessor (PR #167200)

[Josh Dowell via cfe-commits]

Slartibarty wrote:

CC'ing @AaronBallman since he was active in the original issue report. I assume the auto-assigned labels will help other maintainers see this too.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/167200