[clang] Emit debug info with original source location for tokens from macros … (PR #163190)

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SergejSalnikov wrote:

> it's probably not practical to test all the modified code paths - any thoughts on what the right testing tradeoff is here? That various codepaths /inside/ getRefinedSpellingLoc are tested, from perhaps a variety of call sites/ways that manifests in the resulting IR metadata without being exhaustive, seems OK to me? (so perhaps in the test case at least an instruction location and a type location could be tested?)

I've added asserts in the places where we already expect the file location. This is an optimization to avoid expansion for the same location 3 or more times. We usually perform 3 operations back to back: `getFileID`, `getFileName`, `getLineNumber`.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/163190