[clang-tools-extra] Don't look into base class aliases in bugprone-throw-keyword-missing (PR #160725)

[Baranov Victor via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/vbvictor approved this pull request.

Please add a release note in `clang-tools-extra/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst`, keeping lexicographical order.

Otherwise LGTM

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/160725