[clang-tools-extra] Add bugprone-loop-variable-copied-then-modified clang-tidy check. (PR #157213)

[Julia Hansbrough via cfe-commits]

flowerhack wrote:

Also, any chance I could get approval on the "build & test linux" + "build & test windows" workflows (or is there something I need to do to get those approved)?  I've tested on my machine but would like to know things check out against CI as well.  Thanks!

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/157213