[clang] [llvm] [llvm] Extract and propagate callee_type metadata (PR #87575)

[Prabhu Rajasekaran via cfe-commits]

Prabhuk wrote:

@arsenm Do you have any objections in landing this patch and the follow up patch #87576 ? I am planning to land these within the next couple of days. 

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/87575