[clang] fix: replace report_fatal_error with Diags and exit (PR #147959)

[via cfe-commits]

woruyu wrote:

Additionally, I noticed the same issue occurs with `-fprofile-list=` (e.g. `clang test.c -Xclang -fprofile-list=11111 -c`). I plan to address it in a follow-up patch.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/147959