[clang] [Sema] Fix lifetime extension for temporaries in range-based for loops in C++23 (PR #145164)

[via cfe-commits]

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@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// RUN: %clangxx -std=c++23 -fsyntax-only -Xclang -verify %s
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <optional>
+#include <variant>
+#include <array>
+#include <span>
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yronglin wrote:

I have a more simple reproducer:
```cpp
using size_t = decltype(sizeof(void *));

namespace std {
template <typename T> struct vector {
  T &operator[](size_t I);
};

struct string {
  const char *begin();
  const char *end();
};

} // namespace std

extern "C" int printf(const char *, ...);

std::vector<std::string> getData();

void foo() {
  for (auto c : getData()[0]) {
    printf("%c\n", c);
  }
}

```

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/145164