[clang] [analyzer][NFC] Introduce framework for checker families (PR #139256)

[Donát Nagy via cfe-commits]

NagyDonat wrote:

:thinking: These strings are only relevant for debugging, so this whole machinery could be limited to debug builds (or builds with an off-by-default flag). That way these debug names would be still available for the very specific situation when somebody is debugging the analyzer, but wouldn't cause problems for anybody else.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/139256