[clang] [sanitizer] Add plumbing for -fsanitize-annotate-debug-info and partly replace '-mllvm -array-bounds-pseudofn' (PR #138577)

[Thurston Dang via cfe-commits]

thurstond wrote:

> In description ?
> 
> > Florian1
> 
> @fmayer would be nicer for cross-linking

Done

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/138577