[clang] [clang][ptrauth] add support for options parameter to __ptrauth (PR #136828)

[Oliver Hunt via cfe-commits]

ojhunt wrote:

The tests in this PR are dependent on #136828, and the included tests have non-sequential numbers as the tests include other options that are not supported by this PR, to try and limit the complexity of this PR to just the parsing and existing functionality.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/136828